Al-Baha, January 21, 2024,The Shada Al-Ala Mountain Reserve, situated in the Al-Baha Region, approximately 20 kilometers northwest of Al-Makhwah governorate, stands as an extension of the Sarawat Mountains, renowned for their impressive altitudes reaching around 2,200 meters above sea level.
Descending from the pinnacle of the Jibal Mussala Ibrahim summit, the highest point, the mountains gradually slope down to an elevation of approximately 500 meters above sea level at Wadi Malil. This reserve emerges as a distinctive natural marvel in the Tihama area, where a prominent granite mountain sharply ascends, forming a geological spectacle on the Tihama Plain. This extraordinary rock formation, shaped over millions of years, not only captivates with its aesthetic beauty but also contributes significantly to the biodiversity of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hosting a unique and rare ecosystem, the reserve boasts over 500 registered plant species, encompassing trees, shrubs, grasses, and both annual and perennial plants. Key species include juniper, olive trees, Namaqua figs, tamarind, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants like hop-bushes and basil. The rich flora supports a diverse wildlife population, with inhabitants such as the Arabian leopard, mountain ibex, Arabian wolf, lynx, mongoose, foxes, hyena, hyrax, and baboons. Additionally, the reserve is a habitat for various bird species, both resident and migratory, featuring brown eagles, buzzards, kestrels, storks, warblers, Arabian babblers, and starlings. The area also supports a variety of reptiles, including pond turtles, snakes, and lizards.
Evidence of human habitation in the reserve dates back thousands of years, as indicated by ancient artifacts and inscriptions. Throughout history, communities have been drawn to the region's natural fortifications and abundant resources, leading to seasonal settlements. In contemporary times, around 10 villages, including Al-Saqran, Al-Sur, Al-Araba, and Al-Jawa, are inhabited by a population of approximately 2,500 people, who historically relied on agriculture, cultivating Shada coffee, wheat, corn, millet, and fruits like banana, pomegranate, guava, and peaches.
A concerted effort is underway to preserve the reserve's rich plant and animal diversity, including the protection of endangered species such as the Arabian tiger and mountain ibex. This initiative aims to safeguard the area's aesthetic value, raise environmental awareness, support scientific research, and promote sustainable local endeavors, including Shada coffee cultivation and beekeeping.
Due to its natural beauty, distinctive rock formations, ancient inscriptions, and historical significance, the reserve has become a sought-after destination for visitors from both within and outside the Kingdom. Its renown as the birthplace of Shada coffee further enhances its allure.
